Location |
Period |
Type of Force |
Comments on U.S.
Role |
Argentina |
1890 |
Troops |
Buenos Aires interests
protected |
Chile |
1891 |
Troops |
Marines clash with
nationalist rebels |
Haiti |
1891 |
Troops |
Black workers revolt
on U.S.-claimed
Navassa Island
defeated |
Nicaragua |
1894 |
Troops |
Month-long
occupation of
Bluefields |
Panama |
1895 |
Naval, troops |
Marines land in
Colombian province |
Nicaragua |
1896 |
Troops |
Marines land in port
of Corinto |
Cuba |
1898- |
Naval, troops |
Seized from Spain,
U.S. still holds Navy
base at Guantanamo |
Puerto Rico |
1898- |
Naval, troops |
Seized from Spain,
occupation continues |
Nicaragua |
1898 |
Troops |
Marines land at port
of San Juan del Sur |
Nicaragua |
1899 |
Troops |
Marines land at port
of Bluefields |
Honduras |
1903 |
Troops |
Marines intervene in
revolution |
Dominican Republic |
1903-04 |
Troops |
U.S. interests
protected in
Revolution |
Cuba |
1906-09 |
Troops |
Marines land in
democratic election |
Nicaragua |
1907 |
Troops |
"Dollar Diplomacy"
protectorate set up |
Honduras |
1907 |
Troops |
Marines land during
war with Nicaragua |
Panama |
1908 |
Troops |
Marines intervene in
election contest |
Nicaragua |
1910 |
Troops |
Marines land in
Bluefields and Corinto |
Honduras |
1911 |
Troops |
U.S. interests
protected in civil war |
Cuba |
1912 |
Troops |
U.S. interests
protected in Havana |
Panama |
1912 |
Troops |
Marines land during
heated election |
Honduras |
1912 |
Troops |
Marines protect U.S.
economic interests |
Nicaragua |
1912-33 |
Troops, bombing |
20-year occupation,
fought guerrillas |
Mexico |
1913 |
Naval |
Americans evacuated
during revolution |
Dominican Republic |
1914 |
Naval |
Fight with rebels over
Santo Domingo |
Mexico |
1914-18 |
Naval, troops |
Series of interventions
against nationalists |
Haiti |
1914-34 |
Troops, bombing |
19-year occupation
after revolts |
Dominican Republic |
1916-24 |
Troops |
8-year Marine
occupation |
Cuba |
1917-33 |
Troops |
Military occupation,
economic protectorate |
Panama |
1918-20 |
Troops |
"Police duty" during
unrest after elections |
Honduras |
1919 |
Troops |
Marines land during
election campaign |
Guatemala |
1920 |
Troops |
2-week intervention
against unionists |
Costa Rica |
1921 |
Troops |
|
Panama |
1921 |
Troops |
|
Honduras |
1924-25 |
Troops |
Landed twice during
election strife |
Panama |
1925 |
Troops |
Marines suppress
general strike |
El Salvador |
1932 |
Naval |
Warships sent during
Faribundo Marti
revolt |
Uruguay |
1947 |
Nuclear threat |
Bombers deployed as
show of strength |
Puerto Rico |
1950 |
Command operation |
Independence
rebellion crushed in
Ponce |
Guatemala |
1954-? |
Command operation,
bombing, nuclear
threat |
CIA directs exile
invasion and coup
d'Etat after newly
elected government
nationalizes unused
U.S.'s United Fruit
Company lands;
bombers based in
Nicaragua; long-term
result: 200,000
murdered |
Panama |
1958 |
Troops |
Flag protests erupt
into confrontation |
Cuba |
1961 |
Command operation |
CIA-directed exile
invasion fails |
Cuba |
1962 |
Nuclear threat, naval |
Blockade during
missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union |
Panama |
1964 |
Troops |
Panamanians shot for
urging canal's return |
Dominican Republic |
1965-66 |
Troops, bombing |
Marines land during
election campaign |
Guatemala |
1966-67 |
Command operation |
Green Berets
intervene against
rebels |
Chile |
1973 |
Command operation |
CIA-backed coup
ousts democratically
elected Marxist
president |
El Salvador |
1981-92 |
Command operation,
troops |
Advisors, overflights
aid anti-rebel war,
soldiers briefly
involved in hostage
clash; long-term
result: 75,000
murdered and
destruction of popular
movement |
Nicaragua |
1981-90 |
Command operation,
naval |
CIA directs exile
(Contra) invasions,
plants harbor mines
against revolution;
result: 50,000
murdered |
Honduras |
1982-90 |
Troops |
Maneuvers help build
bases near borders |
Grenada |
1983-84 |
Troops, bombing |
Invasion four years
after revolution |
Bolivia |
1987 |
Troops |
Army assists raids on
cocaine region |
Panama |
1989 |
Troops, bombing |
Nationalist
government ousted by
27,000 soldiers,
leaders arrested,
2000+ killed |
Haiti |
1994-95 |
Troops, naval |
Blockade against
military government;
troops restore
President Aristide to
office three years after
coup |
Venezuela |
2002 |
Command operation |
Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez |
Haiti |
2004- |
Troops |
Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country |
Honduras |
2009 |
Command operation |
Support for coup that removed president Manuel Zelaya |
Sources:
Blum, William. Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventionism Since World War II.
Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995.
Ege & Makhijani. "180 Landings by the U.S. Marine Corps" (History Division), Counterspy
(July-Aug. 1982). Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of
Congress.
Instances of Use of Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2020.
CRS Report for Congress, 2020.
Grossman, Zoltan. Over a Century of U.S. Military Interventions. Self-published, revised Jan. 1,
1995.
Sklar, Holly. "Who's Who: Invading 'Our' Hemisphere 1831-," Z Magazine (Feb. 1990).
U.S. Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs' Report. Background Information on the Use of
United States Armed Forces in Foreign Countries. Washington, D.C.: 91st Congress, 2nd
Session, 1970.
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Perennial Library, Harper &
Row, 1980.
Also see Zoltan Grossman, From
Wounded Knee to Iraq (A Chronology of U.S. Imperialism)
Please send any suggestions, comments, corrections, additions,
etc. to Marc Becker at marc@yachana.org.
Last updated: 2011
| Marc Becker's Home Page
| marc@yachana.org |
|