1. Miskitu ethnic group origins:
    a. Indigenous Bawihka people of Northeast Nicaragua
    b. Runaway African slaves from British colonies
    c. Include Ulwa and Twaka languages, as well as Rama and Garifuna speakers.
    d. Territory is from Cape Cameron in Honduras to Rio Grande in Nicaragua.
    e. Expansion of ethnic group due to raids by Miskitu that expanded territory and influence in the Atlantic coastal region.

1. Miskitu political structure:
    a. Influenced heavily by African slaves and English traders.
    b. First recorded king of Miskitu was Jeremy I in 1687.
    c. Kingdom broken into regions controlled by the King, a “General,” a “Governor,” and around 1759 an “Admiral,” too.
    d. By 18th Century the Miskitu Kingdom is the overall political government of the land.
    e. Supported by British with firearms, livestock, and various European goods.
    f. Kings lived in Cape Gracias a Dio, Sandy Bay, Pearl Lagoon, but finally moved to Bluefields in 1840.
    g. Spanish attempted to gain influence in this region through the support of various rulers other than the King, the General,Admiral, etc., however the region was able to reacquire stability and peaceful government.
    h. Kingdom lasted for 240 years.
    i. British leave and Spanish begin to try and settle Miskitu lands in 1787.
    j. Miskitu see themselves as a British or United States protectorate.
    k. Moravian Church is the official Church of Kingdom.
    l. Lost autonomy in 1894 to Nicaraguan government.
    m. Regained with Sandinista government in 1985.